Chapter 7 Outcomes of Democracy

Overview

This chapter examines the outcomes of democracy, discussing whether it is a desirable form of government compared to alternatives. It starts by reiterating the core principles of democracy: accountability, responsiveness, legitimacy, reduction of inequality, accommodation of diversity, and promotion of dignity and freedom. The chapter analyzes democracy's performance in these areas, acknowledging its shortcomings (like slower decision-making, potential corruption, and inequality) but arguing that its ability to allow citizens to correct mistakes and its inherent value in promoting dignity and freedom make it superior to non-democratic systems. It emphasizes that democracy is not a magical solution but a foundation upon which citizens must build to achieve these outcomes.

Accountable, Responsive And Legitimate Government

Democracies are expected to produce governments that are accountable to citizens, responsive to their needs, and legitimate because they are chosen by the people. While non-democratic regimes might be faster in decision-making, democracy's strength lies in its procedures, transparency, and public accountability. Citizens have the right to information and mechanisms to hold the government responsible, contributing to its legitimacy.

Economic Growth And Development

Democracy's relationship with economic growth is complex. While some dictatorships have shown higher economic growth rates, the difference is often negligible, especially in poorer countries. More importantly, democracies tend to have better economic management that responds to people's needs, as illustrated by India's ability to avoid widespread famine compared to China. Democracies also promote stability and provide conditions for development.

Reduction Of Inequality And Poverty

While democracies are based on political equality (one person, one vote), they have often struggled to significantly reduce economic inequalities. Wealth and income tend to concentrate among the rich, while the poor often face poverty and lack of opportunities. However, the democratic process allows the poor to voice their concerns and demand policies that address their needs, even if progress is slow.

Accommodation Of Social Diversity

Democracies are generally better equipped to handle social divisions based on religion, caste, or language. By allowing peaceful expression of grievances, negotiation, and power-sharing (like federalism or coalition governments), democracies can accommodate diversity and maintain national unity. Suppressing differences, as seen in Sri Lanka, often leads to greater conflict.

Dignity And Freedom Of The Citizens

Democracy stands out in promoting individual dignity and freedom. By recognizing equality for all citizens, regardless of background, and providing mechanisms for challenging oppression, democracy allows people to live with respect. While inequalities persist, the democratic framework ensures that these are recognized as unjust and provides avenues for struggle and correction, empowering individuals to move from being subjects to active citizens.