| Classwise Science MCQ Questions with Solutions (Class 6th to 10th) | ||||||||||||||
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| Classwise Science MCQ Questions with Solutions (Class 11th) | ||||||||||||||
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| Classwise Science MCQ Questions with Solutions (Class 12th) | ||||||||||||||
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Class 7th Science MCQ Questions
1. Nutrition In Plants
This chapter explores how plants obtain nutrients. Plants are **autotrophs**, producing food through **photosynthesis** using sunlight, water, carbon dioxide ($\textsf{CO}_2$), and minerals. This process is crucial for all life as it produces food and oxygen. The chapter also covers **heterotrophic nutrition** in some plants, like parasitic plants (e.g., Cuscuta) that feed on others and insectivorous plants (e.g., Pitcher plant) that trap insects. Understanding plant nutrition reveals their foundational role in ecosystems.
2. Nutrition In Animals
This chapter explains how animals obtain and process food, as they are **heterotrophs**. It describes the five steps of nutrition: **ingestion**, **digestion**, **absorption**, **assimilation**, and **egestion**. The detailed structure and function of the **human digestive system**, including organs like the stomach and intestines, are explained. Digestion in other animals, such as ruminants (grass-eaters) and unicellular organisms like Amoeba, is also briefly discussed, highlighting adaptations for diverse feeding methods and nutrient extraction.
3. Fibre To Fabric
Building upon earlier concepts, this chapter focuses on obtaining **animal fibres**, specifically **wool** and **silk**. It describes the process of getting wool from animals like sheep through shearing, scouring, sorting, and spinning into yarn and fabric. The life cycle of the **silk moth** and the method of obtaining silk fibre from cocoons through **sericulture** are explained. Understanding these processes reveals how these valuable natural fibres are produced and transformed into the textiles we use, highlighting traditional and modern practices in textile production.
4. Heat
This chapter differentiates between **heat** (energy transfer) and **temperature** (degree of hotness/coldness). It explains that heat flows from hotter to colder regions. Different temperature scales (Celsius, Fahrenheit) and the use of **thermometers** (clinical, laboratory) are discussed. The three modes of **heat transfer** – **conduction** (in solids), **convection** (in fluids), and **radiation** (through waves) – are explained with daily life examples, like cooking food or feeling the warmth of the sun, showing how thermal energy moves in various situations.
5. Acids, Bases And Salts
This chapter introduces three important categories of chemical substances: **acids**, **bases**, and **salts**. Acids are typically sour and turn blue litmus red, while bases are bitter, soapy, and turn red litmus blue. **Indicators** like litmus, turmeric, and china rose extract are used to test the nature of substances. The reaction between an acid and a base, called **neutralisation**, which forms a salt and water, is a key concept. Examples of these substances found in nature and daily life are provided.
6. Physical And Chemical Changes
This chapter helps distinguish between two types of changes observed in substances. **Physical changes** alter the form or appearance but not the chemical composition and are often reversible (e.g., melting ice, tearing paper). **Chemical changes** result in new substances with different properties and are usually irreversible, often accompanied by heat, light, or gas production (e.g., burning wood, rusting of iron). Recognizing these changes is fundamental to understanding transformations in matter and the world around us.
7. Weather, Climate And Adaptations Of Animals To Climate
This chapter differentiates between **weather** (short-term atmospheric conditions) and **climate** (long-term average weather patterns). Factors influencing weather and climate are discussed. A key focus is on **adaptations** – special features or behaviours that enable animals to survive in specific climates, such as polar regions (e.g., thick fur) and tropical rainforests (e.g., ability to climb). Understanding adaptations reveals how diverse life forms are suited to their environmental challenges and the remarkable ways they cope with extreme conditions.
8. Winds, Storms And Cyclones
This chapter explores the power of moving air. It explains that **wind** is caused by differences in air pressure and that warm air is lighter and rises. The formation of winds, thunderstorms, and powerful weather systems like **cyclones** is discussed. The destructive impact of cyclones, especially in coastal areas, is highlighted. Safety measures to be taken during storms and cyclones are outlined, emphasizing preparedness and minimizing damage from these natural phenomena, particularly relevant in regions prone to such events in India.
9. Soil
**Soil** is a vital natural resource supporting plant growth and ecosystems. This chapter discusses its formation through the weathering of rocks and its composition, including mineral particles, organic matter (humus), water, air, and living organisms. Different types of soil (**sandy, clayey, loamy**) are described based on particle size and properties like water holding capacity and percolation rate. The chapter also addresses **soil erosion** and methods for **soil conservation**, emphasizing the importance of protecting this precious, slow-forming resource for agriculture and environmental health in India.
10. Respiration In Organisms
This chapter explains **respiration**, the process by which organisms obtain energy from food. It discusses **aerobic respiration** (using oxygen) and **anaerobic respiration** (without oxygen). Respiration in various organisms is covered: breathing and cellular respiration in humans, gas exchange through skin in earthworms, through tracheae in insects, and through gills in fish. Respiration in plants, involving stomata and lenticels, is also detailed. Understanding respiration reveals the fundamental mechanism by which living beings release energy for their activities, essential for survival.
11. Transportation In Animals And Plants
This chapter explores how essential substances are transported within living organisms. In **animals**, the **circulatory system** (blood, blood vessels, heart) transports nutrients, oxygen, and waste products. The human circulatory system is explained. In **plants**, **xylem** transports water and minerals from roots upwards, while **phloem** transports food (sugars) from leaves to other parts. The process of **transpiration**, water loss from leaves, also aids in water movement. Understanding these transport systems highlights the complex internal organisation needed for life processes in multicellular organisms.
12. Reproduction In Plants
This chapter explains how plants produce new individuals, ensuring the continuity of their species. It covers both **asexual reproduction** (involving one parent, e.g., vegetative propagation using stems, roots, leaves, or methods like budding, fragmentation, spore formation) and **sexual reproduction** (involving two parents and fusion of gametes, typically in flowers). The processes of **pollination** (transfer of pollen) and **fertilisation** (fusion of male and female gametes) leading to seed and fruit formation are explained. Understanding these reproductive strategies is vital for agriculture and maintaining plant populations.
13. Motion And Time
This chapter introduces the concept of **motion** and how to measure it using **time**. It defines motion as a change in position and discusses different types, including uniform and non-uniform motion. Various devices used to measure time are mentioned. The concept of **speed** ($\textsf{Speed} = \frac{\textsf{Distance}}{\textsf{Time}}$), defined as the rate of change of position, is introduced. Methods for measuring speed and representing motion using **distance-time graphs** are explained, providing tools for quantitative analysis of movement and building a foundation for physics.
14. Electric Current And Its Effects
This chapter explores the **effects produced by electric current**. It revisits electric circuits and components, introducing standard symbols for circuit diagrams. The chapter focuses on the **heating effect of electric current**, where electrical energy is converted into heat (e.g., in electric heaters, fuses). It also discusses the **magnetic effect of electric current**, where current produces a magnetic field (used in electromagnets). Safety precautions when handling electricity are highlighted, emphasizing the practical implications and safety measures related to electrical energy usage in daily life.
15. Light
This chapter delves into the properties of **light**. It reinforces that light travels in **straight lines**. The phenomenon of **reflection**, the bouncing back of light from surfaces, is explained, including the laws of reflection and image formation by **plane mirrors**. Image formation by **spherical mirrors** (concave and convex) is briefly introduced. The chapter also touches upon the concept of **refraction** (bending of light) and how light enables us to see colours and objects, highlighting the fundamental principles of optics that govern vision and optical devices.
16. Water: A Precious Resource
This chapter emphasizes the vital importance of **water** and the increasing concerns about its scarcity. It discusses various sources of fresh water and the different forms water exists in. The continuous circulation of water on, above, and below the Earth's surface through the **water cycle** is explained. The chapter highlights that usable water is a **precious resource** and discusses the causes of water scarcity. Methods for **water conservation**, such as rainwater harvesting, drip irrigation, and reducing wastage, are highlighted, stressing the urgent need for responsible water management for sustainable living, especially relevant in water-stressed regions of India.
17. Forests: Our Lifeline
Forests are vital ecosystems that provide numerous benefits to humans and the environment. This chapter explores forests as complex living systems, highlighting their role in maintaining ecological balance, preventing soil erosion, influencing the water cycle, and purifying air. It discusses the diversity of organisms found in forests and the concept of **food chains** and **food webs**, illustrating the interdependence among living beings. The chapter emphasizes the importance of **forest conservation** for timber, medicines, livelihoods, and protecting biodiversity, showcasing forests as essential for life and sustainable development, a valuable natural heritage in India.
18. Wastewater Story
This chapter addresses the issue of **wastewater** generated from various sources like homes, industries, and hospitals. It explains what wastewater is and the impurities it contains. The process of **wastewater treatment** in a **sewage treatment plant (STP)** is described, involving multiple stages like physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove pollutants before releasing the treated water back into water bodies. The chapter emphasizes the importance of proper sanitation and wastewater management to prevent pollution and protect public health and the environment, highlighting the need for effective infrastructure, especially in urban areas in India.