Chapter 16 Chemistry In Everyday Life

Question 1. Which of the following statements is not correct.

(i) Some antiseptics can be added to soaps.

(ii) Dilute solutions of some disinfectants can be used as antiseptic.

(iii) Disinfectants are antimicrobial drugs.

(iv) Antiseptic medicines can be ingested.

Question 2. Which is the correct statement about birth control pills?

(i) Contain estrogen only.

(ii) Contain progesterone only.

(iii) Contain a mixture of estrogen and progesterone derivatives.

(iv) Progesterone enhances ovulation.

Question 3. Which statement about aspirin is not true

(i) Aspirin belongs to narcotic analgesics.

(ii) It is effective in relieving pain.

(iii) It has antiblood clotting action.

(iv) It is a neurologically active drug.

Question 4. The most useful classification of drugs for medicinal chemists is _________.

(i) on the basis of chemical structure.

(ii) on the basis of drug action.

(iii) on the basis of molecular targets.

(iv) on the basis of pharmacological effect.

Question 5. Which of the following statements is correct?

(i) Some tranquilisers function by inhibiting the enzymes which catalyse the degradation of noradrenaline.

(ii) Tranquilisers are narcotic drugs.

(iii) Transquilisers are chemical compounds that do not affect the message transfer from nerve to receptor.

(iv) Tranquilisers are chemical compounds that can relieve pain and fever.

Question 6. Salvarsan is arsenic containing drug which was first used for the treatment of ____________.

(i) syphilis

(ii) typhoid

(iii) meningitis

(iv) dysentry

Question 7. A narrow spectrum antibiotic is active against _______________.

(i) gram positive or gram negative bacteria.

(ii) gram negative bacteria only.

(iii) single organism or one disease.

(iv) both gram positive and gram negative bacteria.

Question 8. The compound that causes general antidepressant action on the central nervous system belongs to the class of _____________.

(i) analgesics

(ii) tranquilizers

(iii) narcotic analgesics

(iv) antihistamines

Question 9. Compound which is added to soap to impart antiseptic properties is __________.

(i) sodium laurylsulphate

(ii) sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate

(iii) rosin

(iv) bithional

Question 10. Equanil is __________.

(i) artificial sweetener

(ii) tranquilizer

(iii) antihistamine

(iv) antifertility drug

Question 11. Which of the following enhances leathering property of soap?

(i) Sodium carbonate

(ii) Sodium rosinate

(iii) Sodium stearate

(iv) Trisodium phosphate

Question 12. Glycerol is added to soap. It functions ______________.

(i) as a filler.

(ii) to increase leathering.

(iii) to prevent rapid drying.

(iv) to make soap granules.

Question 13. Which of the following is an example of liquid dishwashing detergent?

(i) $CH_3(CH_2)_{10}—CH_2 OSO_3^- Na^+$

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

Question 14. Polyethyleneglycols are used in the preparation of which type of detergents?

(i) Cationic detergents

(ii) Anionic detergents

(iii) Non-ionic detergents

(iv) Soaps

Question 15. Which of the following is not a target molecule for drug function in body?

(i) Carbohydrates

(ii) Lipids

(iii) Vitamins

(iv) Proteins

Question 16. Which of the following statements is not true about enzyme inhibitors?

(i) Inhibit the catalytic activity of the enzyme.

(ii) Prevent the binding of substrate.

(iii) Generally a strong covalent bond is formed between an inhibitor and an enzyme.

(iv) Inhibitors can be competitive or non-competitive.

Question 17. Which of the following chemicals can be added for sweetening of food items at cooking temperature and does not provide calories?

(i) Sucrose

(ii) Glucose

(iii) Aspartame

(iv) Sucrolose

Question 18. Which of the following will not enhance nutritional value of food?

(i) Minerals

(ii) Artificial sweeteners

(iii) Vitamins

(iv) Aminoacids

Question 19. Which of the following statements are incorrect about receptor proteins?

(i) Majority of receptor proteins are embedded in the cell membranes.

(ii) The active site of receptor proteins opens on the inside region of the cell.

(iii) Chemical messengers are received at the binding sites of receptor proteins.

(iv) Shape of receptor doesn’t change during attachment of messenger.

Question 20. Which of the following are not used as food preservatives?

(i) Table salt

(ii) Sodium hydrogencarbonate

(iii) Cane sugar

(iv) Benzoic acid

Question 21. Compounds with antiseptic properties are ______________.

(i) $CHCl_3$

(ii) $CHI_3$

(iii) Boric acid

(iv) 0.3 ppm aqueous solution of $Cl_2$

Question 22. Which of the following statements are correct about barbiturates?

(i) Hypnotics or sleep producing agents.

(ii) These are tranquilizers.

(iii) Non-narcotic analgesics.

(iv) Pain reducing without disturbing the nervous system.

Question 23. Which of the following are sulpha drugs?

(i) Sulphapyridine

(ii) Prontosil

(iii) Salvarsan

(iv) Nardil

Question 24. Which of the following are antidepressants?

(i) Iproniazid

(ii) Phenelzine

(iii) Equanil

(iv) Salvarsan

Question 25. Which of the following statements are incorrect about penicillin?

(i) An antibacterial fungus.

(ii) Ampicillin is its synthetic modification.

(iii) It has bacteriostatic effect.

(iv) It is a broad spectrum antibiotic.

Question 26. Which of the following compounds are administered as antacids?

(i) Sodium carbonate

(ii) Sodium hydrogencarbonate

(iii) Aluminium carbonate

(iv) Magnesium hydroxide

Question 27. Amongst the following antihistamines, which are antacids?

(i) Ranitidine

(ii) Brompheniramine

(iii) Terfenadine

(iv) Cimetidine

Question 28. Veronal and luminal are derivatives of barbituric acid which are __________.

(i) Tranquilizers

(ii) Non-narcotic analgesic

(iii) Antiallergic drugs

(iv) Neurologically active drugs

Question 29. Which of the following are anionic detergents?

(i) Sodium salts of sulphonated long chain alcohol.

(ii) Ester of stearic acid and polyethylene glycol.

(iii) Quarternary ammonium salt of amine with acetate ion.

(iv) Sodium salts of sulphonated long chain hydrocarbons.

Question 30. Which of the following statements are correct?

(i) Cationic detergents have germicidal properties

(ii) Bacteria can degrade the detergents containing highly branched chains.

(iii) Some synthetic detergents can give foam even in ice cold water.

(iv) Synthetic detergents are not soaps.

Question 31. What is the average molecular mass of drugs?

Question 32. Write the uses of medicines.

Question 33. What are antiseptics?

Question 34. Which type of drugs come under antimicrobial drugs?

Question 35. Where are receptors located?

Question 36. What is the harmful effect of hyperacidity?

Question 37. Which site of an enzyme is called allosteric site?

Question 38. What type of forces are involved in binding of substrate to the active site of enzyme?

Question 39. What is the commonality between the antibiotic arsphenamine and azodye?

Question 40. Which class of drugs is used in sleeping pills?

Question 41. Aspirin is pain relieving antipyretic drug but can be used to prevent heart attack. Explain.

Question 42. Both antacids and antiallergic drugs are antihistamines but they cannot replace each other. Explain why?

Question 43. What is a soft soap?

Question 44. If soap has high alkali content it irritates skin. How can the amount of excess alkali be determined? What can be the source of excess alkali?

Question 45. Explain why some times foaming is seen in river water near the place where sewage water is poured after treatment?

Question 46. Which category of the synthetic detergents is used in toothpaste?

Question 47. Hair shampoos belong to which class of synthetic detergent?

Question 48. Dishwashing soaps are synthetic detergents. What is their chemical nature?

Question 49. Draw the diagram showing micelle formation by the following detergent.

$CH_3(CH_2)_{10}CH_2OSO_3^–Na^+$

Question 50. How does the branching of hydrocarbon chain of synthetic detergents affect their biodegradability?

Question 51. Why is it safer to use soap from the environmental point of view?

Question 52. What are analgesics?

Question 53. What is the scientific explanation for the feeling of depression?

Question 54. What is the basic difference between antiseptics and disinfectants?

Question 55. Between sodiumhydrogencarbonate and magnesium hydroxide which is a better antacid and why?

Question 56. Which analgesics are called opiates?

Question 57. What is the medicinal use of narcotic drugs?

Question 58. What are antagonistic drugs?

Question 59. What is the mode of action of antimicrobial drugs?

Question 60. What is the side product of soap industry? Give reactions showing soap formation.

Question 61. What is the difference between bathing soap and washing soaps?

Question 62. How are transparent soaps manufactured?

Question 63. What is the advantage of using antihistamines over antacids in the treatment of acidity?

Question 64. What are the functions performed by histamine in the body?

Question 65. With the help of an example explain how do tranquilizers control the feeling of depression?

Question 66. Why are certain drugs called enzyme inhibitors?

Question 67. What are fillers and what role these fillers play in soap?

Question 68. Sugar is the main source of energy as it produces energy on metabolic decomposition. But these days low calorie drinks are more popular, why?

Question 69. Pickles have a long shelf life and do not get spoiled for months, why?

Question 70. What is the difference between saccharin and saccharic acid?

Question 71. Name an artificial sweetener which is derivative of sucrose.

Question 72. Name two $\alpha$-amino acids which form a dipeptide which is 100 times more sweet than cane sugar?

Question 73. Aspartame is unstable at cooking temperature, where would you suggest aspartame to be used for sweetening?

Question 74. Sodium salts of some acids are very useful as food preservatives. Suggest a few such acids.

Question 75. Explain the role of allosteric site in enzyme inhibition?

Question 76. How are receptor proteins located in the cell membrane?

Question 77. What happens when the bond formed between an enzyme and an inhibitor is a strong covalent bond?

Question 78. Match the medicines given in Column I with their use given in Column II.

Question 79. Match the soaps given in Column I with items given in Column II.

Question 80. Match structures given in Column I with the type of detergents given in Column II.

Column I	Column II
(i) $CH_3(CH_2)_{16}COO(CH_2CH_2O)_nCH_2CH_2OH$	(a) Cationic detergent
(ii) $C_{17}H_{35} COO^–Na^+$	(b) Anionic detergent
(iii) $CH_3—(CH_2)_{10}CH_2SO_3^– Na^+$	(c) Nonionic detergent
(iv)	(d) Soap

Question 81. Match the detergents given in Column I with their uses given in Column II.

Column I	Column II
(i)	(a) Dishwashing powder
(ii)	(b) Laundry soap
(iii) $C_{17}H_{35}COO^–Na^+ + Na_2CO_3$ + Rosin	(c) Hair conditioners
(iv) $CH_3(CH_2)_{16}COO(CH_2CH_2O)_nCH_2CH_2OH$	(d) Toothpaste

Question 82. Match the class of compounds given in Column I with their functions given in Column II.

Question 83. Match the classes of drugs given in Column I with their action given in Column II.

Question 84. Assertion : Penicillin (G) is an antihistamine

Reason : Penicillin (G) is effective against gram positive as well as gram negative bacteria.

Question 85. Assertion : Sulpha drug contain sulphonamide group.

Reason : Salvarsan is a sulpha drug.

Question 86. Assertion : Receptors are crucial to body’s communication process.

Reason : Receptors are proteins.

Question 87. Assertion : Enzymes have active sites that hold substrate molecule for a chemical reaction.

Reason : Drugs compete with natural substrate by attaching covalently to the active site of enzyme.

Question 88. Assertion : Chemical messengers are chemicals that enable communication of message between two neurons or between neurons and muscles.

Reason : Chemicals enter the cell through receptor.

Question 89. Assertion : Transparent soaps are made by dissolving soaps in ethanol.

Reason : Ethanol makes things invisible.

Question 90. Assertion : Sodium chloride is added to precipitate soap after saponification.

Reason : Hydrolysis of esters of long chain fatty acids by alkali produces soap in colloidal form.

Question 91. Assertion : Competitive inhibitors compete with natural substrate for their attachment on the active sites of enzymes.

Reason : In competitive inhibition, inhibitor binds to the allosteric site of the enzyme.

Question 92. Assertion : Non-competitive inhibitor inhibits the catalyic activity of enzyme by binding with its active site.

Reason : Non-competitive inhibitor changes the shape of the active site in such a way that substrate can’t recognise it.

Question 93. Assertion : Chemical messenger gives message to the cell without entering the cell.

Reason : Chemical messenger is received at the binding site of receptor proteins.

Question 94. Assertion : Receptor proteins show selectivity for one chemical messenger over the other.

Reason : Chemical messenger binds to the receptor site and inhibits its natural function.

Question 95. Assertion : All chemicals added to food items are called food preservatives.

Reason : All these chemicals increase the nutritive value of the food.

Question 96. Assertion : Preservative are added to food items.

Reason : Preservatives inhibit the growth of microorganisms.

Question 97. Assertion : Artificial sweeteners are added to the food to control the intake of calories.

Reason : Most of the artificial sweeteners are inert and do not metabolise in the body.

Question 98. In what respect do prontosil and salvarsan resemble. Is there any resemblance between azo dye and prontsil? Explain.

Question 99. How do enzymes catalyse a chemical reaction in the living system? Explain drug target interaction taking the example of enzyme as target.

Question 100. Synthetic detergents have advantage over usual soaps as far as cleansing power is concerned. But use of synthetic detergents over a long time creates environmental pollution. How can the pollution caused by synthetic detergents be minimised? Classify the detergents according to their chemical nature.

Question 101. What are enzyme inhibitors? Classify them on the basis of their mode of attachments on the active site of enzymes. With the help of diagrams explain how do inhibitors inhibit the enzymatic activity.