| Classwise Additional Science Questions with Solutions (Class 6th to 10th) | ||||||||||||||
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| Classwise Additional Science Questions with Solutions (Class 11th) | ||||||||||||||
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| Classwise Additional Science NCERT Questions with Solutions (Class 12th) | ||||||||||||||
| Physics | Chemistry | Biology | ||||||||||||
Class 10th Science Additional Questions
1. Chemical Reactions And Equations
This chapter introduces the fundamentals of chemical reactions, where substances undergo change to form new ones. It teaches the essential skill of writing and balancing chemical equations to comply with the Law of Conservation of Mass. You will learn to identify and classify different reaction types, including combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, and redox (oxidation-reduction) reactions. Understanding the observable signs of a reaction, like a change in colour or temperature, is also covered. To master these concepts, this section provides additional short and long answer type questions beyond those in the NCERT and Exemplar books.
2. Acids, Bases And Salts
This chapter explores three crucial categories of chemical compounds: acids, bases, and salts. It details their characteristic properties and how to distinguish them using indicators. The concept of the pH scale is introduced as a quantitative measure of how acidic or basic a substance is. A central focus is the neutralisation reaction: Acid + Base → Salt + Water. The chapter also discusses the importance of pH in daily life and the preparation and uses of important salts like baking soda and washing soda. To reinforce your learning, this section offers a variety of extra short and long answer questions for practice.
3. Metals And Non-Metals
This chapter classifies elements into metals and non-metals by comparing their physical and chemical properties. You will learn about physical properties like malleability, ductility, and electrical conductivity, and chemical properties based on their reactions with oxygen, water, and acids. The Reactivity Series is introduced as a key tool for predicting displacement reactions. The chapter also explains the formation of ionic compounds through electron transfer and discusses the issue of corrosion and its prevention. To test your understanding of these materials, a collection of supplementary short and long answer questions is provided here.
4. Carbon And Its Compounds
This chapter delves into the unique chemistry of carbon, an element capable of forming a vast number of compounds due to its properties of catenation and tetravalency. It explains covalent bonding and introduces various families of organic compounds, including hydrocarbons and those with functional groups. A key skill taught is the IUPAC nomenclature for systematically naming these compounds. The chapter also covers important chemical reactions and the cleansing action of soaps and detergents. This section contains additional questions to help you master the fundamentals of organic chemistry.
5. Periodic Classification Of Elements
This chapter explains the systematic arrangement of elements in the periodic table. It traces the historical development from early attempts to Mendeleev's Periodic Table and finally to the Modern Periodic Table based on atomic number. The chapter explains how the electronic configuration of elements leads to the periodicity of properties, such as atomic size, metallic character, and valency. Understanding these trends allows us to predict the chemical behaviour of elements. To practice applying these principles, this section contains a set of additional short and long answer type questions.
6. Life Processes
This chapter provides an integrated study of the essential functions that sustain life, known as life processes. It covers four key systems: Nutrition (how organisms obtain food, focusing on the human digestive system), Respiration (how energy is released from food, detailing the human respiratory system), Transportation (how substances are moved around the body via the circulatory system), and Excretion (how metabolic wastes are removed by the excretory system). The chapter explores these processes in both plants and animals. To test your knowledge, solve the additional short and long answer type questions available here.
7. Control And Coordination
This chapter explains how living organisms respond to their environment and regulate their internal functions. In animals, it details the two main systems for this: the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, and nerves) for rapid coordination, including reflex actions, and the endocrine system, which uses chemical messengers called hormones for slower, long-term regulation. In plants, the chapter focuses on plant hormones (phytohormones) and various plant movements, such as phototropism. This section offers extra questions to explore these intricate control systems further.
8. How Do Organisms Reproduce?
This chapter covers the vital process of reproduction. It details the two main strategies: Asexual reproduction, involving a single parent and producing genetically identical offspring through methods like fission, budding, and vegetative propagation; and Sexual reproduction, involving two parents and leading to genetic variation. The chapter provides a detailed account of sexual reproduction in both flowering plants (pollination and fertilisation) and humans (male and female reproductive systems). To enhance your understanding of these processes, a collection of supplementary questions is provided here.
9. Heredity And Evolution
This chapter explores the fascinating concepts of heredity and evolution. It introduces the principles of genetics through Mendel's experiments, explaining how traits are inherited from parents to offspring. The chapter then discusses the process of evolution, focusing on Charles Darwin’s theory of Natural Selection as the primary mechanism. It presents evidence for evolution from fossils, homologous organs, and analogous organs, providing a framework for understanding the diversity of life on Earth. This section contains additional short and long answer questions to deepen your understanding.
10. Light – Reflection And Refraction
This chapter delves into the fascinating world of optics, explaining the phenomena of reflection and refraction of light. It details the laws of reflection and the formation of images by plane and spherical mirrors (concave and convex), introducing the mirror formula. It then explains refraction, or the bending of light, governed by Snell's Law, and describes image formation by lenses using the lens formula. Ray diagrams are used throughout as a key tool for analysis. To practice these optical concepts, this section offers a variety of extra short and long answer questions.
11. The Human Eye And The Colourful World
This chapter applies the principles of optics to explain the working of the human eye and various beautiful natural phenomena. It describes the structure of the eye and explains common vision defects like myopia and hypermetropia and their correction. The chapter then explores atmospheric phenomena such as the dispersion of light by a prism (which creates a rainbow), atmospheric refraction (which causes the twinkling of stars), and the scattering of light (which explains the blue colour of the sky). A set of supplementary short and long answer questions is available here for practice.
12. Electricity
This chapter introduces the fundamental principles of electric current. It defines key concepts like potential difference and resistance and establishes their relationship through Ohm's Law (V = IR). The chapter explains how to analyze electric circuits, including the calculation of equivalent resistance for resistors in series and parallel. It also covers the heating effect of current (Joule's Law) and the concept of electric power, which are crucial for understanding how electrical appliances work and consume energy. To master circuit analysis, solve the additional questions provided here.
13. Magnetic Effects Of Electric Current
This chapter reveals the intimate link between electricity and magnetism. It establishes that an electric current produces a magnetic field around it and describes the field patterns for different conductors. The chapter explains the force experienced by a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field, the principle behind the electric motor. It then introduces the concept of electromagnetic induction—how a changing magnetic field can induce a current—which is the working principle of the electric generator. To test your knowledge on this topic, a variety of extra questions are available in this section.
14. Sources Of Energy
This chapter provides a broad overview of the various sources of energy we depend on. It classifies them into conventional sources (like fossil fuels and hydropower) and non-conventional or alternative sources (like solar, wind, and nuclear energy). The chapter discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each source, with a strong emphasis on the environmental impact of fossil fuels and the growing need to shift towards renewable energy sources for a sustainable future. To explore this important topic further, a collection of additional questions is provided here.
15. Our Environment
This chapter introduces the basics of ecology, focusing on our immediate environment. It defines an ecosystem and explains the flow of energy through it via food chains and food webs, highlighting the roles of producers, consumers, and decomposers. The chapter addresses significant environmental problems caused by human activities, such as waste accumulation and the depletion of the ozone layer, which protects us from harmful UV radiation. To enhance your understanding of these environmental concepts, this section offers additional short and long answer questions.
16. Sustainable Management Of Natural Resources
This chapter emphasizes the importance of using our natural resources—like forests, water, and fossil fuels—in a way that ensures their availability for future generations. It advocates for sustainable management and discusses the roles of various stakeholders in conservation efforts. The chapter highlights the importance of traditional conservation practices and promotes the powerful mantra of the 3 Rs: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle, as a practical way for everyone to contribute to a healthier planet. This section provides supplementary questions to reinforce these crucial environmental ideas.