| Classwise Additional Science Questions with Solutions (Class 6th to 10th) | ||||||||||||||
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| Classwise Additional Science Questions with Solutions (Class 11th) | ||||||||||||||
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| Classwise Additional Science NCERT Questions with Solutions (Class 12th) | ||||||||||||||
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Class 8th Science Additional Questions
1. Crop Production And Management
This chapter provides a detailed overview of the agricultural practices essential for growing crops on a large scale. It outlines the systematic steps farmers follow, beginning with soil preparation (ploughing and levelling), followed by the sowing of quality seeds. The chapter explains the importance of adding nutrients through manure and fertilisers, and the various methods of irrigation. It also covers crop protection from weeds and pests, the process of harvesting, and the crucial final step of proper storage to prevent spoilage. To deepen your understanding of these agricultural techniques, this section offers additional short and long answer type questions for practice.
2. Microorganisms : Friend And Foe
This chapter explores the fascinating, invisible world of microorganisms. It categorizes them into groups like bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses, and highlights their dual role in our lives. As 'friends', they are vital for making foods like curd and bread, producing antibiotics, and acting as decomposers in the environment through processes like nitrogen fixation. As 'foes', these microbes, known as pathogens, cause various diseases in humans, animals, and plants. The chapter also discusses methods of food preservation to prevent spoilage. To test your knowledge on this topic, a variety of extra short and long answer questions are provided here.
3. Synthetic Fibres And Plastics
This chapter introduces man-made materials that have become integral to modern life. It details various synthetic fibres like rayon, nylon, and polyester, explaining their properties and uses. The chapter then delves into plastics, classifying them into thermoplastics (which can be remoulded) and thermosetting plastics (which set permanently). While highlighting their useful properties like durability and low cost, it strongly emphasizes the significant environmental problem of plastic pollution due to their non-biodegradable nature, promoting the 4R principle (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover). This section contains supplementary questions to reinforce these concepts.
4. Materials : Metals And Non-Metals
This chapter provides a clear distinction between metals and non-metals by comparing their physical and chemical properties. Physical properties like lustre, malleability, ductility, and conductivity are discussed as hallmarks of metals. The chapter then explores their chemical behaviour, such as the formation of basic oxides by metals and acidic oxides by non-metals. A key concept introduced is the Reactivity Series, which helps predict the outcome of displacement reactions where a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive one. To master this classification, solve the additional short and long answer questions available here.
5. Coal And Petroleum
This chapter focuses on fossil fuels, our primary energy sources, which are finite and non-renewable. It explains how coal, petroleum, and natural gas were formed over millions of years from the remains of ancient life. The chapter describes the process of refining petroleum to obtain a variety of useful products like petrol, diesel, and LPG. A critical theme is the need for conservation of these resources due to their limited supply and the environmental pollution caused by their combustion. This section offers extra short and long answer questions to deepen your understanding of these vital energy resources.
6. Combustion And Flame
This chapter explains the science of burning, known as combustion. It defines combustion as a chemical process that releases heat and light and identifies the three essential conditions required for it to occur: a fuel, oxygen, and the ignition temperature. The chapter differentiates between types of combustion and provides a detailed description of the structure of a candle flame, highlighting its different zones (dark, luminous, and non-luminous). It also covers practical knowledge on how to control fire by removing one of the essential conditions. To test your understanding, a set of additional questions is provided here.
7. Conservation Of Plants And Animals
This chapter highlights the urgent need to protect our planet's rich biodiversity. It discusses the severe consequences of deforestation and defines key terms like endangered species, flora, and fauna. The chapter focuses on conservation efforts, explaining the roles of protected areas such as Wildlife Sanctuaries, National Parks, and Biosphere Reserves in preserving natural habitats and the species within them. The concept of the Red Data Book, which keeps a record of endangered species, is also introduced. This section contains supplementary short and long answer questions to explore this important topic further.
8. Cell — Structure And Functions
This chapter introduces the cell as the fundamental unit of life. It describes the basic components common to most cells: the cell membrane, the jelly-like cytoplasm, and the nucleus, which acts as the control center. The chapter highlights the key differences between plant and animal cells, such as the presence of a cell wall and chloroplasts in plants. It also introduces various cell organelles and their specific functions within the cell, providing a foundational understanding of how living organisms are structured and how they function at a microscopic level. Practice with the additional questions provided here to master the topic.
9. Reproduction In Animals
This chapter explains the process of reproduction in animals, which is essential for the continuation of species. It covers the two main modes: Asexual reproduction, involving a single parent (e.g., budding in Hydra and binary fission in Amoeba), and Sexual reproduction, which involves the fusion of male and female gametes in a process called fertilisation. The chapter distinguishes between internal and external fertilisation and traces the development of the embryo. The fascinating transformation of a larva into an adult, known as metamorphosis, is also discussed. To test your knowledge, a variety of extra questions are available in this section.
10. Reaching The Age Of Adolescence
This chapter provides an important guide to the period of adolescence and the changes that occur during puberty. It details the physical changes, such as a sudden increase in height and the development of secondary sexual characteristics, which are controlled by hormones. The chapter explains the role of the endocrine glands in bringing about these changes. It also emphasizes the importance of maintaining personal hygiene, consuming a balanced diet, and understanding reproductive health during this critical phase of life. To enhance your understanding, this section offers a collection of additional short and long answer questions.
11. Force And Pressure
This chapter introduces two fundamental physical concepts. Force is defined as a push or a pull that can change an object's state of motion or its shape. It classifies forces into contact forces (like friction) and non-contact forces (like gravity). Pressure is then defined as the force acting on a unit area. The chapter explains that pressure depends on both the force applied and the area over which it acts, illustrating why a sharp knife cuts better than a blunt one. It also explores the pressure exerted by liquids and gases, including atmospheric pressure. This section contains supplementary questions to practice these concepts.
12. Friction
This chapter is dedicated to the study of friction, a force that opposes motion. It explains the causes of friction and describes its different types: static, sliding, and rolling friction, highlighting that rolling friction is the weakest. The chapter presents friction as a "necessary evil," discussing situations where it is useful (e.g., walking) and where it is harmful (e.g., wear and tear of machine parts). It also covers various methods to reduce friction (using lubricants, wheels) or increase friction (treading tires) as needed. Solve the additional questions provided here to master the topic.
13. Sound
This chapter explains that sound is a form of energy produced by vibrating objects. It establishes that sound needs a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to travel and cannot propagate in a vacuum. The chapter introduces the key characteristics of sound: amplitude, which determines its loudness, and frequency, which determines its pitch. It also describes the human ear's mechanism for hearing. The chapter distinguishes between music and noise and discusses the serious health and environmental problems caused by noise pollution. To test your understanding, a set of additional questions is provided.
14. Chemical Effects Of Electric Current
This chapter explores the fascinating interaction between electricity and chemistry. It demonstrates that some liquids, called electrolytes, can conduct electricity and undergo a chemical decomposition process known as electrolysis. The chapter highlights the practical applications of this phenomenon, with a special focus on electroplating. This is a process where an object is coated with a thin layer of another metal using an electric current, for purposes of decoration or corrosion prevention. To reinforce your learning on this topic, this section offers extra short and long answer questions.
15. Some Natural Phenomena
This chapter provides a scientific explanation for two powerful natural events: lightning and earthquakes. It describes lightning as a massive electrostatic discharge that occurs during thunderstorms and emphasizes the crucial safety measures to be taken. The chapter then explains that earthquakes are caused by the sudden movement of the Earth's tectonic plates. It discusses how earthquakes are measured (using the Richter scale) and outlines the essential precautions to be taken during an earthquake to minimize risk and damage. To delve deeper into these phenomena, a collection of additional questions is available here.
16. Light
This chapter delves into the world of optics, explaining the properties of light and vision. It discusses the phenomenon of reflection and the laws that govern it, detailing the characteristics of images formed by plane mirrors. The chapter introduces the concept of multiple reflections and describes the structure and working of the human eye. It also covers common vision defects and their correction, the concept of Braille for the visually impaired, and the dispersion of white light into its constituent colours. This section provides supplementary questions to enhance your understanding of light.
17. Stars And The Solar System
This chapter takes you on a journey through our celestial neighborhood. It introduces various celestial objects, including stars, planets, and the Moon. It describes recognizable patterns of stars known as constellations. The main focus is on our Solar System, with a description of the Sun and the eight planets that revolve around it. The chapter also covers other members of the solar system, like asteroids and comets, and discusses artificial satellites and their uses. To explore the wonders of the night sky further, solve the additional short and long answer questions available in this section.
18. Pollution Of Air And Water
This chapter addresses the critical environmental issue of pollution. It explains how air pollution is caused by harmful substances from industries and vehicles, leading to problems like the greenhouse effect and acid rain. It also details how water pollution occurs when sewage and industrial waste contaminate water bodies, making the water unsafe. The chapter discusses the case study of the Taj Mahal and the Ganga Action Plan. It highlights methods to control pollution and emphasizes our collective responsibility to protect our precious air and water resources. This section contains extra questions to reinforce these important environmental concepts.